1. Who was the first to translate Jose Rizal's Mi Ultimo Adios to Tagalog?
A. Jose Gatmaitan
B. Apolinario Mabini
C. Andres Bonifacio
D. Jose Corazon de Jesus
The answer for item #1 is A -- Jose Gatmaitan.
Here is the first line of Jose Gatmaitan's translation of Mi Ultimo Adios, entitled "Huling Paalam":
"Hulíng Paalam"
Paalam, sintang lupang tinubuan,
bayang masagana sa init ng araw,
Edeng maligaya sa ami’y pumanaw,
at perlas ng dagat sa dakong Silangan.
2. He constructed the lyrics of the Philippine National Anthem.
A. Andres Bonifacio
B. Graciano Lopez Jaena
C. Marcelo H. del Pilar
D. Jose Palma
The answer for this item is D -- Jose Palma. Let's summarize the history of the Philippine National Anthem:
Juan Felipe composed the tune of the anthem under the name "Marcha Filipino Magdalo," which was later renamed to "Marcha Nacional Filipina." Jose Palma wrote the first original, Spanish version entitled "Filipinas."
In 1919, one of greatest poets, Paz Marquez Benitez, the author of Dead Stars, constructed an English version entitle "Land of the Morning." In 1956 the Surian ng Wikang Pambansa or the Institute of National language composed the current Filipino version, "Lupang Hinirang."
3. What is the country song of the people of Pampanga?
A. Pamulinawen
B. Ati Cu Pung Singsing
C. Dandansoy
D. Leron Leron Sinta
The answer for this item is letter B -- Ati Cu Pung Singsing. This song, when translated to English, means "I once had a ring." It's a Kapampangan song, a ballad, in fact, relating a story about a person who lost his ring when he thought he hid it in a chest. At the end of the song, he promises to worship anyone who can bring his ring back to him.
Pamulinawen is an Ilocano song, Dandansoy is a Visayan song and finally, Leron Leron Sinta is a Tagalog song.
4. This is a story in poem-form which includes the the adventures, life and heroism of the main character who possesses extraordinary skills and unusual characteristics.
A. Bugtong
B. Alamat
C. Epiko
D. Awit
The answer for this item is letter C -- Epiko. Epiko is a Fililpino term for epic.
Alamat is what we call in English "legend." Legends are fictitious stories believed to have happened, which explain the existence or occurrence of someone or something. An example of an alamat in Tagalog mythology is Mariang Makiling.
Bugtong, in English, is "riddle." Riddles are short oral-puzzles. An example of a Tagalog alamat is "Isang bangin, puno ng patalim." [A well full of knives].
Awit is a Filipino term for song. However, the term awit can also refer to one of the two types of metrical romances -- awit and korido. Awit refers to a metrical story, usually sung to the accompaniment of a guitar, in fandango style. On the other hand, 'koridos' or 'corridos,' as Philippine romances are generally called, are heavily influenced by foreign literature. They were the most popular among the Spanish colonial literary forms. They are of uniform stanza pattern -- mono-riming and assonant quatrain -- and vary in length, from a few hundred to several thousand lines. It must also be pointed out that korido deals with events and happenings.
5. During Japanese colonization, Filipinos faced many trials and tribulations. One of these is _.
A. Fall of Corregidor
B. Fall of Bataan
C. Landing in Leyte
D. Death March
The answer for this item is letter D -- Death March.
The Death March, which began on April 9, 1942, was the forcible transfer by the Imperial Japanese Army of 60,000-80,000 Filipino and American prisoners of war after the three-month Battle of Bataan in the Philippines during World War II. In Japanese, this is called Batān Shi no Kōshin. All told, approximately 2,500–10,000 Filipino and 100-650 American prisoners of war died before they could reach their destination at Camp O'Donnell.
The 128 km (80 mi) march was characterized by wide-ranging physical abuse and murder, and resulted in very high fatalities inflicted upon prisoners and civilians alike by the Japanese Army, and was later judged by an Allied military commission to be a Japanese war crime.
Letter A cannot be the answer since the Fall of Corregidor was only the part of history when Lt. Jonathan Wainwright was forced to surrender the troops on Corregidor and the other three fortified islands.
Letter be cannot be the answer because the Fall of Corregidor is, in itself, the same as the Fall of Bataan. Bataan is a province within which Corregidor lies.
Landing in Leyte, letter C, cannot be the answer because it refers to the coming of General Douglas Arthur McArthur in the Leyte on Oktubre 20, 1944. This is a fulfillment of his promise, "I shall return," before he went Australia from Corregidor with the behest of the then-President Franklin Roosevelt.
Here's a timeline one should remember:
Fall of Corregidor (April 9, 1942)
Death March (April 9, 1942)
Landing in Leyte (Oktubre 20, 1944)
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