1) Affix: One or more letters occurring as a bound form attached to the beginning or end of a word or base and serving to produce a derivative word or an inflectional form (e.g., a prefix or suffix).
2) Alliteration: The repetition of initial consonant sounds in neighboring words.
3) Analysis: The process or result of identifying the parts of a whole and their relationships to one another.
4) Antonym: A word that is the opposite of another word (e.g. hot-cold, night-day).
5) Author’s Purpose: The author’s intent either to inform or teach someone about something, to entertain people, or to persuade or convince their audience to do or not do something.
6) Bias: A judgment based on a personal point of view.
7) Biography: The story of a person's life written by someone other than the subject of the work.
8) Cause and Effect: Cause statements stem from actions and events, and effects are what happen as a result of the action or event.
9) Characterization: The method an author uses to reveal characters and their various personalities.
10) Climax: The turning point in a narrative, the moment when the conflict is at its most intense. Typically, the structure of stories, novels and plays is one of rising action, in which tension builds to the climax.
11) Compare: Placing together characters, situations or ideas to show common or differing features in literary selections.
12) Conclusion: The ending of the story or the summarization of ideas or closing argument in nonfiction texts.
13) Conflict/Problem: A struggle or clash between opposing characters, forces, or emotions.
14) Context Clues: Information from the reading that identifies a word or group of words.
15) Contrast: To compare or appraise differences.
16) Dialogue: In its widest sense, dialogue is simply conversation between people in a literary work; in its most restricted sense, it refers specifically to the speech of characters in a drama.
17) Editorials: A newspaper or magazine article that gives the opinions of the editors or publishers; an expression of opinion that resembles such an article.
18) Exaggeration: To make an overstatement or to stretch the truth.
19) Explanatory Sentence: A sentence that explains something (i.e. passage, paragraph, word)
20) Fiction: Any story that is the product of imagination rather than a documentation of fact. Characters and events in such narratives may be based in real life but their ultimate form and configuration is a creation of the auth
21) Figurative Language: Language that cannot be taken literally since it was written to create a special effect or feeling.
22) First Person: The "first person" or "personal" point of view relates events as they are perceived by a single character. The main character "tells" the story and may offer opinions about the action and characters that differ from those of the author.
23) Generalization: A conclusion, drawn from specific information that is used to make a broad statement about a topic or person.
24) Genre: A category used to classify literary works, usually by form, technique or content (e.g., prose, poetry).
25) Headings, Graphics and Charts: Any visual cues on a page of text that offer additional information to guide the reader’s comprehension. Headings typically are words or phrases in bold print that indicate a topic or the theme of a portion of text; graphics may be photographs, drawings, maps or any other pictorial representation; charts (and tables or graphs) condense data into a series of rows, lines or other shortened lists.
26) Implicit: Meanings which, though unexpressed in the literal text, may be understood by the reader; implied.
27) Inference: A judgment based on reasoning rather than on direct or explicit statement. A conclusion based on facts or circumstances; understandings gained by “reading between the lines.”
28) Informational Text: It is nonfiction, written primarily to convey factual information. Informational texts comprise the majority of printed material adults read (e.g., textbooks, newspapers, reports, directions, brochures, technical manuals, etc.).
29) Literary Nonfiction: Text that includes literary elements and devices usually associated with fiction to report on actual persons, places, or events. Examples include nature and travel writing, biography, memoir, and the essay.
30) Main Idea: The main idea is the author’s central thought; the chief topic of a text expressed or implied in a word or phrase; the topic sentence of a paragraph.
31) Metaphor: A figure of speech that expresses an idea through the image of another object. Metaphors suggest the essence of the first object by identifying it with certain qualities of the second object. An example is "But soft, what light through yonder window breaks? It is the east, and Juliet is the sun" in William Shakespeare's Romeo and Juliet. Here, Juliet, the first object, is identified with qualities of the second object, the sun.
32) Narrative: Text which conveys a story or which relates events or dialogue; contrast with expository text.
33) Nonfiction: Prose writing that is not fictional; designed primarily to explain, argue, instruct, or describe rather than entertain. For the most part, its emphasis is factual.
34) Personification: An object or abstract idea given human qualities or human form (e.g., Flowers danced about the lawn.).
35) Plot: The structure of a story. The sequence in which the author arranges events in a story. The structure often includes the rising action, the climax, the falling action and the resolution. The plot may have a protagonist who is opposed by an antagonist, creating what is called conflict.
36) Point of view: The way in which an author reveals characters, events and ideas in telling a story; the vantage point from which the story is told.
37) Prefix: A Prefixes are groups of letters that can be placed before a word to alter its meaning.
38) Problem/Solution: An organizational structure in nonfiction texts, where the author typically presents a problem and possible solutions to it.
39) Resolution: The portion of a story following the climax, in which the conflict is resolved. The resolution of Jane Austen's Northanger Abbey is neatly summed up in the following sentence: "Henry and Catherine were married, the bells rang and everybody smiled."
40) Rising Action: The part of a story where the plot becomes increasingly complicated. Rising action leads up to the climax, or turning point.
41) Setting: The time and place in which a story unfolds.
42) Simile: A comparison of two unlike things in which a word of comparison (like or as) is used (e.g., She eats like a bird.).
43) Suffix: Suffixes are groups of letters placed after a word to modify its meaning or change it into a different word group, from an adjective to an adverb, etc.
44) Summarize: To capture all the most important parts of the original text (paragraph, story, poem), but express them in a much shorter space, and - as far much as possible - in the readers own words.
45) Synonym: One of two or more words in a language that have highly similar meanings (e.g., sorrow, grief, sadness).
46) Third Person: A perspective in literature, the "third person" point of view presents the events of the story from outside of any single character's perception, much like the omniscient point of view, but the reader must understand the action as it takes place and without any special insight into characters' minds or motivations.
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