EXTRACT (v.)
[ik-strakt]
– to remove or separate something
Example: Oil is extracted from roses and lavender to be used in making scented candles.
Additional Definition: Extract can also be a noun which means something that has been removed. It can be pronounced as [ik-strakt] (verb) or [ek-strakt] (noun). (e.g. The extracts were dumped into the river.)
RUNOFF (n.)
[ruhn-awf, -of]
- water that comes from land which overflows into bodies of water such as streams, rivers and lakes.
Example: Runoffs from chemical plants are dangerous.
Additional Info: Runoff occurs when the soil is already filled up with water. The excesses water flows down the surface of the ground and spills over the nearest body of water. Because runoff flows above ground, it usually contains solid materials like metal which come from the soil.
TOXIC (adj.)
[tok-sik]
– something poisonous and deadly
Example: Improper disposal of toxic wastes cause harm to humans, animals, and the environment.
Additional Info: Examples of toxic wastes: residential use (e.g. cleaning products, cosmetics, lawn care products), agriculture (e.g. chemical fertilizers, pesticides), the military (nuclear weapons testing, chemical warfare), medical facilities (e.g. pharmaceuticals), radioactive sources, and light industry, such as dry cleaning establishments. Toxic waste comes in many forms, such as liquid, solid, or sludge, and it contains chemicals, heavy metals, radioisotopes, dangerous pathogens, or other toxins (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toxic_waste)
FILTER (n.)
[fil-ter]
– a material used to remove solid substances in water or gas
Example: The filter in the coffee maker needs to be replaced.
Additional Definition: Filter can also be a verb which means “to remove a solid substance using a filter.”
(e.g. He filtered the water through the banana filter.)
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